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br Introduction The cys loop
2020-05-22
Introduction The cys-loop ligand gated ion channels (LGICs) are membrane-bound proteins mediating fast transduction from chemical to electrical signals at neuronal synapses and neuromuscular junctions [1], [2]. Each subunit that makes up the pentameric LGIC architecture possesses a dicysteine bri
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Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type PDE
2020-05-22
Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5I) is commonly used for ED treatment. PDE5I exhibits its vasodilatory effect by inhibiting the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which relaxes the smooth muscle and allows increased blood flow for penile tumescence. Udenafil (D
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br Method Detailed study protocol was reported previously Th
2020-05-22
Method Detailed study protocol was reported previously. The ULTIMATE- HFrEF trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board of our hospital, and the study drug, udenafil, was approved as Investigational New Drug for treatment in patients with chronic HFrEF by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
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br Role of ERK signaling in
2020-05-22
Role of ERK signaling in preventive and therapeutic potential of flavonoids in neurodegenerative diseases ERK is one of the main pharmacological targets of natural phenolic compounds and contributes to several therapeutic approaches including anti-atherogenic, anti-cancer, anti-colitis, anti-arth
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E is a classical initiator
2020-05-22
E1 is a classical initiator protein and, as such, plays several roles in the initiation and catalysis of viral DNA synthesis. E1 must first recognize a specific segment of the viral TCS 5861528 known as the “origin of DNA replication”, or “ori” for short. For most PV types examined to date, the min
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The biological significance of DNA ligases is attributed to
2020-05-22
The biological significance of DNA ligases is attributed to their function in DNA replication, recombination and/or DNA repair [1], [2]. In vertebrates, three different DNA ligases I, III and IV are recognized. DNA ligase I is essential for the Okazaki fragments’ ligation during lagging-strand DNA s
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The discoidin domain receptors DDR and DDR are receptor tyro
2020-05-22
The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati
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br Conclusion br Limitations br Conflict of interest br
2020-05-22
Conclusion Limitations Conflict of interest Financial disclosure The research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)Intramural Research Grant ID NIMH/PROJ-RSM/545/2014-15. India. Acknowledgments Introduction Increased central and peripher
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LTD and LTC cause contraction in
2020-05-22
LTD4 and LTC4 cause contraction in the rat stomach and these contractions are sensitive to CysLT1 receptor antagonists (Goldenberg and Subers, 1983, Miura et al., 1992, Miyata et al., 1995). However, effects of other leukotrienes in the gastric contraction and inhibitory effects of potent, selective
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TNF a major cytokine that is critical
2020-05-22
TNF-α, a major cytokine that is critical in acute and chronic inflammation, is responsible from chemotaxis, acute phase reactions and endothelial activation (Mahalingam and Karupiah, 1999). Our study showed that TNF-α is increased significantly in the pyelonephritic rats and montelukast displayed an
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Eukaryotic cell cycle machinery is thought to appropriately
2020-05-22
Eukaryotic cell cycle machinery is thought to appropriately modulate cell proliferation and cell expansion in various developmental stages and environmental conditions. The core feature of cell-cycle control is the fluctuation of CDK activity, which is regulated by three interactive and conserved m
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Sterol regulatory element binding proteins
2020-05-22
Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) regulate transcription of genes involved in fatty Moxifloxacin synthesis [38] (fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase) as well as triglyceride synthesis [39]. SREBP-1 protein levels are reduced in 3T3-F442A adipocytes [40] and increased in
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br Enzyme catalysis A biochemically spontaneous process proc
2020-05-21
Enzyme catalysis A biochemically spontaneous process proceeds in a direction where free Pepstatin A synthesis of the system decreases. However, every spontaneous or energetically favorable reaction needs to overcome an energy barrier known as the activation energy barrier because of the formation
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nitric oxide synthase inhibitors The eNOS bp VNTR polymorphi
2020-05-21
The eNOS 27-bp VNTR polymorphism has been found to be associated with altered plasma NO levels. This polymorphism also has been associated with many vascular diseases including hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy in various populations. Notably, our results were different fr
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A comparative analysis of the cleavage activity of different
2020-05-21
A comparative analysis of the cleavage activity of different forms of the BoNT/A endopeptidase in reduced conditions with SNAPtide and full-length SNAP-25 substrate is summarized in Fig. 5, Fig. 6. The BoNT/A LC was found to be the most active against SNAPtide, a small peptide segment of the SNAP-25
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