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Mechanistically NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuro
2023-05-24
Mechanistically, NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuronal activity presumably via α1-AR. The majority of α1-ARs are found in the VTA are located presynaptically on unmyelinated ixabepilone synthesis and axon terminals of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. However, α1-ARs are also found on
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br Hypoadiponectinemia in metabolic syndrome APN belongs str
2023-05-24
Hypoadiponectinemia in metabolic syndrome APN belongs structurally to the complement 1q family and is found at high concentrations (>0.01% of total protein) in the serum of healthy individuals [6]. Given the abundance of APN in plasma, it is assumed that alterations in plasma levels of APN might
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Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of
2023-05-24
Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of reproduction and energy regulation has emerged from studies involving mammalian species. The avian infundibular nucleus (equivalent structure to the mammalian arcuate nucleus) consists of two neuronal populations, one of which expresses neu
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The results show that a tonic action of ACh on
2023-05-24
The results show that a tonic action of ACh on respiration is lacking. However, it is clear that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms can modulate both eupneic breathing and the cough reflex. When these mechanisms are brought into action is obscure and only tentative proposals can be advanced. ACh in t
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In brief serotonin can interact with classes of receptors ar
2023-05-24
In brief, serotonin can interact with 7 classes of receptors are differentiated into 14 subtypes (Barnes and Sharp, 1999). Specifically, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors have been the most widely studied in the modulation of anxiety responses (Deakin et al., 1992; Millan, 2003). However, the studies that
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The srd a isoforms showed unique expression
2023-05-24
The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role i
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Young disease transitioning B Sle mice show partial loss of
2023-05-24
Young disease-transitioning B6·Sle1 mice show partial loss of leukocyte Axl versus B6 controls (data not shown). Further, BMDM from diseased B6·Sle1.Yaa mice do not express detectable levels of ADAM10 and TACE (ADAM17) but do express basal levels of Axl similar to wild type B6-derived BMDM (Suppleme
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Parthenolide Recent studies have indicated that V
2023-05-24
Recent studies have indicated that V-ATPase activity negatively regulates vacuolar fusion in vivo[17]. Since we have demonstrated that the pah1Δ Parthenolide have a more acidic vacuolar pH than the WT cells, and the genes involved in the pump activity are upregulated compared to WT, the pah1Δ cells
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Here we investigate the ATM to ATR switch in normal
2023-05-24
Here, we investigate the ATM to ATR switch in normal human fibroblasts (82-6 cells) after irradiation with γ-rays, or high LET 56Fe and 28Si and moderate LET 16O particles. Our data provide important evidence of LET dependence on the transition of ATM to ATR as well as end resection at the sites of
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Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distin
2023-05-24
Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distinguished (Fig. 3): the first category comprises synthetic arginase inhibitors, which have been developed from the substrate l-arginine [35]; and the second category includes inhibitors derived from natural products [36]. The category of synt
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Autophagy is a self protecting cellular catabolic pathway
2023-05-24
Autophagy is a self-protecting cellular catabolic pathway that degrades and recycles cytoplasmic contents for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (Shao et al., 2016b). Macrophage autophagy plays an essential role in atherosclerosis by safeguarding 1670 against oxidative stress, reducing apoptosi
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Since primitive societies plants herbs and seeds rich in
2023-05-22
Since primitive societies, plants, herbs and seeds, rich in phytochemicals, were used due to their benefits in human health. These molecules were shown to present a diverse array of action mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, enzyme stimulation, hormones mimicking and by interfering with DNA
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Therefore in the present study we first examined
2023-05-22
Therefore, in the present study, we first examined the ATRAP 1661010 australia in human leukocytes of healthy subjects. We next analyzed possible relevant clinical factors affecting ATRAP expression in leukocytes of patients with NCDs. Furthermore, we examined the possible effect of ATRAP downregula
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Consideration of the rate of product formation at different
2023-05-19
Consideration of the rate of product formation at different substrate concentrations and estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters gives some insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in enzyme activity. Estimates based on two-substrate concentrations lack precision and
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br cDNA cloning gene structure and chromosomal
2023-05-19
cDNA cloning, gene structure and chromosomal localization The cDNA for the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase was first cloned from porcine leukocytes [9], and later from mouse [10], [11], rat [12], [13], bovine [14] and rabbit [15] sources. The cDNA for the platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase cDNA has b
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